Percepções de mulheres com câncer de mama acerca dos tratamentos / Perceptions of women with breast cancer regarding treatments

O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender a percepção das mulheres com câncer de mama acerca dos tratamentos. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, descritivo, transversal, no qual participaram 40 mulheres em quimioterapia para tratamento do câncer mamário em um hospital especializado em oncologia. O instrumento utilizado para coleta de dados foi uma entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados foram analisados mediante Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin e categorizados conforme o Modelo de Crenças em Saúde. Originaram-se quatro categorias: "Suscetibilidade percebida: câncer e COVID-19", "Percepção da gravidade em face do impacto dos tratamentos", "Desafios e barreiras nos tratamentos" e "Benefícios percebidos no tratamento do câncer". Conclui-se que existem diferentes fatores que ressoam na percepção que a mulher tem sobre os tratamentos e que geram repercussões na forma de enfrentá-los. O conhecimento desses fatores pelos profissionais de saúde pode auxiliar na assistência às mulheres para melhor enfrentamento da doença.

The objective of this study was to understand the perception of women with breast cancer about treatments. This is a qualitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study, involving 40 women undergoing chemotherapy for the treatment of breast cancer in a hospital specialized in oncology. The instrument used for data collection was a semi-structured interview. Data was analyzed using Bardin's Content Analysis and categorized according to the Health Belief Model. Four categories emerged: "Perceived susceptibility: cancer and COVID-19", "Perception of severity in view of treatments impact", "Challenges and barriers in treatments" and "Perceived benefits in cancer treatment". It is concluded that there are different factors that resonate in women's perception of treatments and that generate repercussions in the way of facing them. Knowledge of these factors by healthcare professionals can help in providing better assistance to women in facing the disease.

Women's perception about the discovery of breast cancer amid the covid-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is considered a health problem at a worldwide level. In Brazil, the South and Southeast regions have the highest mortality rates. Understanding how they dealt with the diagnostic of a stigmatized disease amid the COVID-19 pandemic and its potential repercussions, may enable healthcare professionals to of life. Thus, this study is aimed at understanding the perception of women about the discovery of breast cancer and the impact of the disease on their lives. METHODS: A qualitative study, with the participation of forty women with breast cancer, under chemotherapy treatment. It was performed in a hospital specialized in oncology, in Juiz de Fora, Brazil, in 2020 and 2021. Data collection was carried out with semi-structured interviews, which were analyzed with Bardin Content Analysis. RESULTS: Based on the central theme "Discovery of the disease", these categories were developed: "Discovery" and "Impact of the disease". A large part of women noticed a change in the breast, even before routine checks. Upon the impact of cancer diagnosis, negative feelings arise, then going through a process of acceptance and coping. Some barriers were faced due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused delays in the diagnostic and impact caused by social isolation. Family, friends, and healthcare professionals integrated an important supporting network in order to help coping with the disease. CONCLUSION: The consequences of a breast cancer diagnosis can be devastating. It is necessary that healthcare professionals know and embrace the feelings, beliefs, and values as a part of the aspects related to health. Valuing the supporting network of women suffering from the disease may favor the process of accepting and coping with the neoplasm. The COVID-19 pandemic is highlighted as an obstacle to be overcome specially when it comes to diagnostic assistance and availability of a support network. In that sense, it is worth mentioning the importance of a healthcare team able to offer full assistance, with quality. The need of further studies to determine the impact of the pandemic in the long run.

Câncer de mama e imagem corporal: impacto dos tratamentos no olhar de mulheres mastectomizadas / Breast cancer and body image: impact of treatments from the point of view of mastectomized females

Esta pesquisa avaliou a percepção da imagem corporal de mulheres mastectomizadas, com ou sem reconstrução mamária, investigando como o adoecimento e os tratamentos impactaram suas vidas. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, transversal, com abordagem qualitativa. Participaram dez mulheres com diagnóstico de câncer mamário, mastectomizadas, com ou sem reconstrução mamária, atendidas no HU/UFJF, de janeiro a novembro de 2015, por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada. Para análise qualitativa, aplicou-se a Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin, de onde emergiram as categorias: "Diagnóstico e Enfrentamento", "Rede de Apoio", "Tratamentos e seus Anseios", "Imagem Corporal", e "Papel na Sociedade". Concluiu-se que o cuidado com a saúde das mulheres acometidas pela doença demanda assistência multiprofissional, que auxilie no processo de enfrentamento do câncer e na reabilitação para além das limitações físicas, com o intuito de reconexão do corpo físico, psíquico e espiritual, visando facilitar a adaptação ao "novo corpo" e permitir incremento na autoestima, a reinserção social e melhoria da qualidade de vida.

The perception of body image by mastectomized females, with or without breast reconstruction, is evaluated. Current descriptive, transversal and qualitative research analyzes how illness and treatments impacted their lives. Ten mastectomized females, diagnosed with breast cancer, attended at the University Hospital of UFJF, between January and November 2015, participated through a half-structured interview. Qualitative analysis comprised Bardin´s Content Analysis, from which were derived the categories: "Diagnosis and Coping", "Support Network", "Treatments and Anxiety", "Body Image", and "Role in Society". Results show that health care of ill females require multiprofessional assistance that helps them to cope with cancer and to rehabilitate them beyond physical limitations. The target is the reconnection of the physical, psychic and spiritual body, to facilitate the adaptation to the 'new body' and allow an increase in self-esteem, social reinsertion and improvement in life quality.

Percepções de residentes multiprofissionais de saúde sobre a interdisciplinaridade / Perceptions of health multi-professional interns on interdisciplinarity

O estudo objetiva compreender as percepções de residentes multiprofissionais acerca: (1) das diferentes formas de atuação em equipe no campo da saúde; (2) da interdisciplinaridade nos Programas de Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde (PRMSs) aos quais se encontram vinculados; e (3) dos fatores que favoreceriam e dificultariam a sua efetivação. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, com 29 residentes multiprofissionais de duas universidades federais. Os resultados demonstram que há, entre os participantes, dificuldades significativas na distinção entre as diferentes modalidades de trabalho em equipe. Além disso, observou-se que, para a maioria dos participantes, os PRMSs aos quais se encontram vinculados propiciavam a interdisciplinaridade apenas parcialmente, sendo a iniciativa pessoal dos residentes um dos fatores favorecedores, e problemas no diálogo com os profissionais de Medicina um dos fatores dificultadores. O presente estudo, assim, colabora com o debate científico acerca de uma temática essencial para a consolidação e fortalecimento do Sistema Único de Saúde.

Current study analyzes the perceptions of multi-professional interns on (1) the different working manners with teams in the health area; (2) interdisciplinarity in the Multi-professional Intern Programs (PRMSs) in health to which they are subordinated; (3) factors study involved 29 multi-professional interns of two Brazilian federal universities. Results show that among the participants there are significant difficulties in distinguishing between different team-work modes. In the case of most participants, PRMSs to which they are subordinated favor only partial interdisciplinarity. Personal initiative of interns is one of the favored factors and lack of dialogue between medical professionals is an impeding factor. Current analysis tries to corroborate with the scientific debate on a theme that is essential for the consolidation and strengthening of the Brazilian health System.

Qualidade de vida e fatores associados em mulheres sobreviventes ao câncer do colo do útero / Quality of life and associated factors in women's cervical cancer survivors

O tratamento para o câncer do colo do útero pode levar à ocorrência de efeitos adversos tardios, como disfunções sexuais, intestinais ou urinárias; menopausa precoce e linfedema em membro inferior, os quais podem ter impacto negativo na qualidade de vida. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a qualidade de vida de sobreviventes ao câncer do colo do útero, seus fatores associados e comparar a qualidade de vida com um grupo controle de mulheres sem história de câncer. O grupo câncer foi composto por mulheres com término do tratamento há três meses (n= 37). O grupo controle, de base populacional, foi composto por mulheres sem história de câncer (n= 37). A qualidade de vida foi avaliada pelo WHOQOL-bref e a função sexual pelo Female Sexual Function Índex. Variáveis clínicas, terapêuticas e socioeconômicas foram avaliadas por questionário desenvolvido pelos autores. Em comparação ao controle, o grupo câncer apresentou maior percentual de mulheres que viviam sem companheiro, que consideravam o relacionamento com o companheiro como ruim/regular e que apresentavam disfunções urinárias, intestinais e sexuais. Além disso, o grupo câncer apresentou piores escores nos domínios "Físico" e "Relações Sociais" do WHOQOL-bref (p=0,03 e 0,01, respectivamente). Foram fatores independentemente associados ao domínio "Físico": linfedema de membros inferiores e retenção urinária; e ao domínio "Relações Sociais": apoio social de amigos e estenose/encurtamento vaginal. Os resultados sugerem impacto negativo da doença e de seu tratamento sobre a qualidade de vida das sobreviventes. Deve-se investigar a qualidade de vida e os fatores que a influenciam, visando um atendimento mais integral, direcionado às necessidades das pacientes, por meio de equipe multiprofissional.

The treatment for cervical cancer can lead to late adverse effects such as sexual, bowel or urinary dysfunction; early menopause and lymphedema in the lower limb, which may have a negative impact on quality of life. The objective was to assess the quality of life of cervical cancer survivors, their associated factors, and to compare quality of life with a control group of women with no history of cancer. Women undergoing treatment for cervical cancer from a minimum of three months were included in the cancer group (n = 37). In the control group, which is population-based, were included women without history of cancer (n = 37). The quality of life was evaluated using the WHOQOL-bref and the sexual function by the Female Sexual Function Index. Clinical, therapeutic and socioeconomic variables were evaluated by a questionnaire developed by the authors. In comparison to control group, the cancer group presented higher proportion of women who lived without a partner and who considered the relationship with their partner as poor / regular. In addition, cervical cancer survivors have urinary, intestinal and sexual dysfunctions. Besides, the cancer group exhibited poor score in the "Physical" and "Social Relations" domains of WHOQOL-bref (p = 0.03 and 0.01, respectively). The factors independently associated with "Physical" domain were lower limb lymphedema and urinary retention, and with "Social Relations" domain were social support of friends and vaginal stenosis / shortening. The results suggest negative impact of the disease and its treatment on quality of life of cervical cancer survivors. Thus, it should be investigated the quality of life and the factors associated with it in order to improve patient's care, which should be performed by multiprofessional team.

Sexual function of women surviving cervical cancer.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the sexual function of survivors of cervical cancer (CC) in comparison to the control group of women without a history of cancer. METHODS: This was an observational, analytical, case-control study. In the cancer group, women subjected to CC treatment of at least 3 months in the past were included (n = 37). For each survivor, one random selection from a base population control group was made (n = 37) of a woman without a history of cancer and with similar socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. The sexual function was evaluated through the female sex function index (FSFI) instrument. Data collection occurred through the application of questions in a face-to-face interview. RESULTS: In the cancer group, 64.9 % related vaginal stenosis or shortening; 59.5 % were not sexually active and of those which had sexual relations, 80 % showed dysfunction. The total FSFI score varied between 9.60 and 35.10 in the cancer group and 23.90 and 36.00 in the control group. The means of the cancer group were statistically inferior (P < 0.05) to the control group in all the FSFI domains and in the total score. The mean total score was 21.72 in the cancer group, classified as sexual dysfunction when considering a score of 26 as the cutoff point. CONCLUSION: CC treatment was found to have a negative impact on the sexual function of women. Further, sexual function should be monitored routinely by interdisciplinary teams to provide comprehensive care with the objective of an improved quality of life post-cancer.

Processo saúde-doença: um estudo das representações sociais de trabalhadores com DORT / Health-disease process: a study of social representations of workers with WMSDSs

O artigo origina-se de pesquisa que analisou as representações sociais do processo saúde-doença entre trabalhadores portadores de distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho (DORT), usuários do Centro de Referência em Saúde do Trabalhador (CEREST) de Juiz de Fora, MG. O recurso de apreensão das informações foram entrevistas semiestruturadas, realizadas junto a 12 trabalhadoras com idade entre 29 e 55 anos. As informações foram submetidas a análise temática. A partir dos temas de análise, chamados "representação da saúde" e "representação da doença", para essas trabalhadoras, o adoecimento e a incapacidade laboral representam uma lacuna dolorosa e a destruição dos projetos de vida. Os quadros de deterioração das condições de vida e degradação do trabalho, refletidos sobre a saúde das trabalhadoras, nos levam a sustentar que a prevenção dos problemas de saúde que encontraria maior grau de resolução seria o replanejamento da organização do processo de trabalho e da efetiva atuação das políticas públicas de saúde, através de representações simbólicas mais amplas sobre saúde, doença e cura.

This paper was based on a study that examined the social representations of health-illness process among workers with work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), users of the Reference Center of Occupational Health (CEREST) in the city of Juiz de Fora, state of Minas Gerais. Information was collected through semi-structured interviews with 12 workers, aged between 29 and 55 years. Data were subjected to thematic analysis. The themes of analysis called "representation of health" and "representation of illness" set that, for these workers, illnesses and labor disability represent a painful gap and the destruction of life projects. Tables of deterioration of living conditions and work degradation, reflected on the health of workers, refer us to sustain that the prevention of health problems that would find a higher degree of resolution would be the replanning of work process' organization and effective performance of public health policies, through symbolic representations of broader health, illness and healing.